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Effect of caloric restriction on neuroplasticity
Sonina, Alisa ; Málková, Petra (advisor) ; Kolář, David (referee)
Calorie restriction has been shown to have a wide range of beneficial effects on health and longevity, although its effects on brain function are not as well known. This paper reviews the current state of research on the effects of calorie restriction on neuroplasticity, including studies examining the molecular, structural, and behavioral effects of dietary restriction in animal and human models. Overall, the evidence suggests that caloric restriction promotes neuroplasticity. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these effects and to determine the optimal duration and intensity of caloric restriction. Key words: Caloric restriction, neuroplasticity, diet, cognition, neurogenesis, metabolism
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Impact of NMDA antagonists on neuroplasticity as a biological phenomenon
Kalivodová, Michaela ; Valeš, Karel (advisor) ; Krůšek, Jan (referee)
Neuroplasticity is a fundamental biological phenomenon that accompanies us throughout our lives, both in health and illness. By studying neuroplasticity, we can understand serious neurodegenerative diseases, help remodel the nervous system after damage, or make our actions more efficient in today's world. The first chapter of this thesis will discuss neuroplasticity in the physiological state, describing the development of nervous system, learning and memory, different types of neuroplasticity, and other ways to modify neurogenesis. The following chapter deals with the role of neuroplasticity in disease, its impairment in neuropsychiatric diseases. The most common ones will be described, such as depression, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The next part of the thesis will discuss the molecular biology of NMDA receptor including structure, activation and excitotoxicity of the NMDA receptor, which is distinct from other receptors. Subsequently, selected NMDA antagonists competitive, non-competitive, uncompetitive, as well as glycine agonists and other selected natural modulators of the NMDA receptor will be described. Finally, this thesis will present the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the BDNF and mTOR pathways, knowledge of which provides a basis for further...
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The effect of olfactory training on olfactory abilities
Mazánek, Daniel ; Třebická Fialová, Jitka (advisor) ; Brothánková, Pavlína (referee)
Almost one fifth of the population experiences olfactory dysfunction. It influences everyday life from socialisation skills to career paths. Existing treatments are usually expensive and with little effect. Recent therapy for olfactory recovery called olfactory training consists of long term periodic sniffing of chosen odourants. This thesis shortly guides the reader through the human olfactory anatomy and the problematics of olfactory dysfunction. It introduces a therapeutic method of olfactory training, its methodology and the effect it has on general olfactory abilities and neuroplasticity. It also provides a critical view of the existing studies as well as implications for the future and discusses the mechanisms behind recovery.
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Regeneration and structural changes of the nerve tissue after the extracellular matrix modification
Vallová, Jana ; Machová Urdzíková, Lucia (advisor) ; Hampl, Aleš (referee) ; Hubálek Kalbáčová, Marie (referee)
Regeneration and structural changes of the nerve tissue after the extracellular matrix modification. Abstract ECM modification may contribute to changes in nerve tissue plasticity. Therefore, 4- methylubulliferone is used in our study, which disrupted the structure of the perineuronal networks surrounding some types of neurons responsible for the formation of memory traces. Mice were fed a 4-MU diet (6.7 mg / g / day) for 6 months, which improved their memory skills in a spontaneous recognition test without a significant adverse effect on the kidneys, liver, or joints.In the next part of the study, an extracellular matrix (UC-ECM) was derived from fetal human umbilical cord tissue also generated as biomimetic hydrogel. Due to the generated UC-ECM's low stability and rapid degradation, the structure was stabilized by covalent genipin bonding. Stabilization with 1 mM genipine increased the biological stability of the material. UC-ECM as well as ECM/G didn't show toxicity in vitro in mesenchymal stem cell proliferation; axonal budding or neural stem cell growth and differentiation were not adversely affected. The biocompatibility of both materials was verified in vivo by applying the material to an intracortical photothrombotic rat lesion, where gelation and infiltration of the lesion and hydrogel by host...
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Antidepressant potential of serotonergic psychedelics in preclinical research
Dušková, Valentýna ; Vejmola, Čestmír (advisor) ; Skálová, Kateřina (referee)
The treatments for depression available in contemporary medicine have a number of drawbacks. Modern antidepressants, despite fewer side effects than conventional ones, have a slow onset of action and their effectiveness is often individual. Recent studies of psychedelics have indicated their promising to extraordinary potential in the treatment of depression. Clinical research has made significant progress in this direction, as have a growing number of preclinical studies. Psychedelics potentiate signaling pathways and protein expression related to neurogenesis and cell viability and induce an increase in dendritic spines and dendritic branching. At the behavioural level, psychedelics have been shown to attenuate depressive behavioural changes, suppressing anxiety and anhedonia. This paper summarizes the effects of psychedelics in preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies, taking into account the neurobiology of depression, i.e., mainly at the level of neuroplasticity and observed behavioural changes. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the general characteristics of depression and psychedelics, followed by an introduction to preclinical experimental approaches. The central part then describes and discusses individual studies. Keywords: depression; animal models; psychedelics; LSD;...
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The Use of the Neurac Method in Patients after Brain Damage
Divišová, Kamila ; Drábová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Pětioký, Jakub (referee)
This bachelor thesis investigates the Neurac method in patients with brain damage caused by cerebrovascular accidents, and their subsequent rehabilitation. The theoretical part of this work introduces different mechanism of brain damage with an emphasis on the ictus and the most widely used rehabilitation procedures. Furthermore, the Neurac method, the Redcord device as well as relevant clinical studies are described. The practical part of the thesis presents examination of two patients, a description of exercises on the Redcord apparatus and therapy procedures that patients underwent.
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Cerebral projection of haptic contact via sLORETA imaging
Dubová, Dita ; Pánek, David (advisor) ; Pavlů, Dagmar (referee)
Title: Cerebral projection of haptic contact via sLORETA imaging Objectives: The aim of this work is to evaluate changes in intracerebral source activity via sLORETA imaging during haptic stimulation of hands, while this contact is modified by a mirror illusion in comparison to calm state with open eyes. The work seeks to specify localization of such activity. Methods: Ten healthy volunteers aged 23-42 participated in the experiment. The electrical brain activity was detected with scalp EEG. The experiment was divided in 5 phases. First we measured the brain activity during calm state with open and with closed eyes, each for 5 minutes. Afterwards the subjects were seated at a table with a mirror occluding their right hand and reflecting their left hand. The brain activity was than recorded during 4 modifications of the experiment in duration of 2 minutes each. The first modification contained symmetrical haptic contact on both hands, modification 2 involved stimulation on the left hand only, during modification 3 the stimulus was applied on the right hand only and modification 4 had no tactile stimulus on neither side. The order of modifications for each individual was randomized. The EEG data were converted into sLORETA program, which allows to localize the source of the recorded brain activity...
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The Influence of Pelvic Clock lesson from the Feldenkrais Method® on the Proprioception and the Range of Pelvic Movement
Pehalová, Barbora ; Vařeková, Jitka (advisor) ; Šifta, Petr (referee)
Title: The Influence of Pelvic Clock lesson from the Feldenkrais Method® on the Proprioception and the Range of Pelvic Movement Objectives: The aim of this diploma thesis is to investigate the influence of Feldenkrais method (FM) on the lumbar spine and pelvic movement functions. Specifically, changes in the ability of pelvis reposition, changes in stabilize pelvic movements and postural changes were tested after completing one FM lesson Pelvic Clock. Method: It is theoretical empirical work where quantitative research with elements of controlled study was used. For the study, 30 probands aged 20 to 30 years were selected and divided into two groups. Both groups underwent a pelvic reposition test twice. The second measurement took place 40 minutes after the end of the previous measurement. At this time interval, 15 probands in the experimental group underwent an intervention in the form of the Pelvic Clock lesson of the Feldenkrais Method. The control group of 15 probands in this time period focused on physically undemanding activities, i.e. sitting, walking, etc. The following parameters were determined for all probands: accuracy of pelvic reposition, range of pelvis movement, pelvic stabilization movements, and pelvic tilt change. The results are processed into graphs and statistically evaluated....
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Screening of the Individual Physioterapeutic Unit in Patients with Central Hemiparesis Focused on the Time Subsidy of Individual Physioterapy and Repetition of Movements on the Individual Segments of Upper Limb during the Physioterapy
Kindlová, Michaela ; Pětioký, Jakub (advisor) ; Šebek, Milan (referee)
OF BACHELOR THESIS Author: Michaela Kindlová Supervisor: Mgr. Jakub Pětioký Title of bachelor thesis: Screening of Individual Physioterapeutic Unit in Patients with Central Hemiparesis Focused on the Time Subsidy of Individual Physiotherapy and Repetition of Movements on the Individual Segments of Upper Limb during the Physiotherapy. Abstrakt of bachelor thesis: An aim of a thesis is screening of individual conventional physiotherapeutic units and robotic-assisted rehabilitation. The screening of ergotherapy units was also included for a more comprehensive picture. The bachalor thesis is focused on upper limb therapy and the aim is to compare the intensity of the conventional therapy lead by therpist and intensity of robotic assisted rehabilitation lead by robotic system. Specifically, the time spent on upper limb training during therapy and the number of repetitive movements in each segment of the upper limb was compared. The bachelor thesis consists of two parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, which is written in the form of a literary research, the issue concerning a stroke disease is summarized. This includes, for example, etiopathogenesis, incidence of disease, stroke distribution, clinical picture and classical rehabilitation options such as Bobath's concept or...
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Utilisation of CI Therapy in Patients with Multiple sclerosis
Klesnilová, Eliška ; Novotná, Klára (advisor) ; Kövári, Martina (referee)
Thesis written in a form of research deals with possibilities of utilization of Constraint Induced Movement Therapy (CI therapy) in treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). CI therapy represents a concept of rehabilitation techniques with the main aim of reducing motor deficit of the affected limb by its return to the functional mode. The thesis consists of two parts. The first part is based on research of relevant literature and gives a general summary of multiple sclerosis, neuroplasticity and general knowledge about CI therapy. The second part then summarizes all available information related to efficiency of CI therapy in MS. It is documented by a case report of a patient with relapse remitent type of MS. The therapy has led to improvements, which is objectified by functional tests such as Frenchay arm test or Motor Activity Log.
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